List of sovereign states in 1990

A

 * Afghanistan - Republic of Afghanistan, UN member State
 * Albania – People s Socialist Republic of Albania, UN member State
 * Algeria – People s Democratic Republic of Algeria, UN member State
 * Andorra – Principality of Andorra
 * Angola – People s Republic of Angola, UN member State
 * Antigua and Barbuda – UN member State
 * Argentina – Argentine Republic, UN member State
 * Australia – Commonwealth of Australia, UN member State
 * Austria – Republic of Austria, UN member State

B

 * The Bahamas – Commonwealth of the Bahamas, UN member State
 * Bahrain – State of Bahrain, UN member State
 * Bangladesh – People s Republic of Bangladesh, UN member State
 * Barbados – UN member State
 * Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium, UN member State
 * Belize – UN member State
 * Benin
 * People s Republic of Benin (to 1 March), UN member State
 * Republic of Benin (from 1 March), UN member State
 * Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan, UN member State
 * Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia, UN member State
 * Bophuthatswana – Republic of Bophuthatswana (nominally independent South African bantustan)
 * Botswana – Republic of Botswana, UN member State
 * Bougainville – Republic of Bougainville ( de facto independent state, from 17 May)
 * Brazil – Federative Republic of Brazil, UN member State
 * Brunei – State of Brunei, Abode of Peace, UN member State
 * Bulgaria
 * People s Republic of Bulgaria (to 15 November), UN member State
 * Republic of Bulgaria (from 15 November), UN member State
 * Burkina Faso - UN member State
 * Burma Myanmar
 * Burundi - Republic of Burundi, UN member State
 * Byelorussia – Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, UN member State (Republic within the Soviet Union)

C
===D :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit] === ===E :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit]  === ===F :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit] ===   Fiji
 * Cambodia Kampuchea
 * Cambodia, State of (partially recognized de facto independent state)
 * Cameroon – Republic of Cameroon, UN member State
 * Canada – UN member State
 * Cape Verde – Republic of Cape Verde, UN member state
 * Central African Republic, UN member State
 * Chad – Republic of Chad, UN member State
 * Chile – Republic of Chile, UN member State
 * China, People s Republic of – UN member State
 * China, Republic of (partially recognized de facto independent state)
 * Ciskei – Republic of Ciskei (nominally independent South African bantustan)
 * Colombia – Republic of Colombia, UN member State
 * Comoros - Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros, UN member State
 * Congo - People s Republic of Congo, UN member State
 * Congo, Democratic Republic of the Zaire
 * Cook Islands (A state in free association with New Zealand)
 * Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica, UN member State
 * Côte d Ivoire Ivory Coast
 * Cuba – Republic of Cuba, UN member State
 * Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus, UN member State
 * Czechoslovakia
 * Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (to 29 March)
 * Czechoslovak Federative Republic (from 29 March to 20 April)
 * Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (from 23 April)
 * Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark, UN member State
 * Djibouti – Republic of Djibouti, UN member State
 * Dominica – Commonwealth of Dominica, UN member State
 * Dominican Republic, UN member State
 * Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador, UN member State
 * Egypt – Arab Republic of Egypt, UN member State
 * El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador, UN member State
 * Equatorial Guinea – Republic of Equatorial Guinea, UN member State
 * Ethiopia - People s Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, UN member State


 * Republic of Fiji (to 25 July), UN member State
 * Sovereign Democratic Republic of Fiji (from 25 July), UN member State
 * Finland – Republic of Finland, UN member State
 * France – French Republic, UN member State

G

 * Gabon – Gabonese Republic, UN member State
 * The Gambia – Republic of the Gambia, UN member State
 * East Germany – German Democratic Republic (to 3 October)
 * West Germany - Federal Republic of Germany (to 3 October)
 * Germany - Federal Republic of Germany (from 3 October)
 * Ghana – Republic of Ghana, UN member State
 * Greece – Hellenic Republic, UN member State
 * Grenada - UN member State
 * Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala, UN member State
 * Guinea – Republic of Guinea, UN member State
 * Guinea-Bissau – Republic of Guinea-Bissau, UN member State
 * Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana, UN member State

Hc >
Holy See Vatican City
 * Haiti – Republic of Haiti, UN member State

===I :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit] ===
 * Honduras – Republic of Honduras, UN member State
 * Hungary – Republic of Hungary, UN member State
 * Iceland – Republic of Iceland, UN member State
 * India – Republic of India, UN member State
 * Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia, UN member State
 * Iran – Islamic Republic of Iran, UN member State
 * Iraq - Republic of Iraq, UN member State
 * Ireland – Republic of Ireland, UN member State
 * Israel – State of Israel, UN member State (wasn t recognized by 21 UN member States)
 * Italy – Italian Republic, UN member State
 * Ivory Coast – Republic of Côte d Ivoire, UN member State

J :

 * Jamaica - UN member State
 * Japan - UN member State
 * Jordan – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, UN member State

K
Democratic Kampuchea / Cambodia

===L :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit] === ===M :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit]  === Mozambique
 * Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (to 3 February), UN member State
 * National Government of Cambodia (from 3 February), UN member State
 * Kenya – Republic of Kenya, UN member State
 * Kiribati – Republic of Kiribati
 * North Korea – Democratic People s Republic of Korea, Permanent observer at UN (wasn t recognized by 4 UN member States)
 * South Korea – Republic of Korea, Permanent observer at UN (wasn t recognized by 3 UN member States at greatest extent)
 * Kuwait – State of Kuwait (to 8 August), UN member State
 * Laos – Lao People s Democratic Republic, UN member State
 * Lebanon – Lebanese Republic, UN member State
 * Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho, UN member State
 * Liberia – Republic of Liberia, UN member State
 * Libya – Great Socialist People s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, UN member State
 * Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein, UN member State from 18 September
 * Lithuania - Republic of Lithuania (from 11 March, de facto independent state)
 * Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, UN member State
 * Madagascar - Democratic Republic of Madagascar, UN member State
 * Malawi – Republic of Malawi, UN member state
 * Malaysia - UN member State
 * Maldives – Republic of Maldives, UN member State
 * Mali – Republic of Mali, UN member State
 * Malta – Republic of Malta, UN member State
 * Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands (A state under Compact of Free Association with the United States)
 * Mauritania – Islamic Republic of Mauritania, UN member State
 * Mauritius - UN member State
 * Federated States of Micronesia (A state under Compact of Free Association with the United States)
 * Mexico – United Mexican States, UN member State
 * Mindanao – Federal Republic of Mindanao ( de facto independent state from 4 October to 6 October)
 * Monaco – Principality of Monaco, Permanent observer at the UN
 * Mongolia – Mongolian People s Republic, UN member State
 * Morocco – Kingdom of Morocco, UN member State

===N :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit] === ===O :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit]  === ===P :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit] === ===Q :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit]  === ===R :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit] === ===S :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit]  === Samoa Western Samoa
 * People s Republic of Mozambique (to 30 November), UN member State
 * Republic of Mozambique (from 30 November), UN member State
 * Myanmar – Union of Myanmar, UN member State
 * Namibia – Republic of Namibia (from 21 March), UN member State
 * Nauru – Republic of Nauru, UN member State
 * Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal, UN member State
 * Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands, UN member State
 * New Zealand - UN member State
 * Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua, UN member State
 * Niger – Republic of Niger, UN member State
 * Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria, UN member State
 * Niue (A state in free association with New Zealand)
 * Northern Cyprus – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (partially recognized de facto independent state)
 * Norway – Kingdom of Norway, UN member State
 * Oman – Sultanate of Oman, UN member State
 * Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan, UN member state
 * Palestine - State of Palestine (Disputed region consisting of three occupied territories: the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem)
 * Panama – Republic of Panama, UN member State
 * Papua New Guinea – Independent State of Papua New Guinea, UN member State
 * Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay, UN member State
 * Peru – Republic of Peru, UN member State
 * Philippines – Republic of the Philippines, UN member State
 * Poland – Republic of Poland, UN member State
 * Portugal – Portuguese Republic, UN member state
 * Qatar – State of Qatar, UN member State
 * Romania – UN member State
 * Russia - Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (from 12 June, de facto independent sovereign state, Republic within the Soviet Union)
 * Rwanda – Rwandese Republic, UN member state
 * Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Partially recognized de facto independent state)
 * Saint Kitts and Nevis – Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis, UN member State
 * Saint Lucia, UN member State
 * Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, UN member State

===T :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit] === Taiwan China, Republic of
 * San Marino – Republic of San Marino
 * São Tomé and Príncipe – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, UN member State
 * Saudi Arabia – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, UN member State
 * Senegal – Republic of Senegal, UN member State
 * Seychelles – Republic of Seychelles, UN member State
 * Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone, UN member State
 * Singapore – Republic of Singapore, UN member State
 * Solomon Islands - UN member State
 * Somalia - Somali Democratic Republic, UN member State
 * South Africa – Republic of South Africa, UN member State
 * Soviet Union – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, UN member State
 * Spain – Kingdom of Spain, UN member State
 * Sri Lanka – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, UN member State
 * Sudan – Republic of the Sudan, UN member State
 * Suriname – Republic of Suriname, UN member State
 * Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland, UN member State
 * Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden, UN member State
 * Switzerland – Swiss Confederation, Permanent observer at UN
 * Syria – Syrian Arab Republic, UN member State

===U :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit] === USSR Soviet Union ===V :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit]  === ===W :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit] === ===Y :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:0.25em; :rgb(85,85,85);">]  === ===Z :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:0.25em; :rgb(85,85,85);">] ===
 * Tamil Eelam (unrecognized de facto self-governing entity)
 * Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania, UN member State
 * Thailand – Kingdom of Thailand, UN member State
 * Togo – Togolese Republic, UN member State
 * Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga, UN member State
 * Transkei – Republic of Transkei (nominally independent South African bantustan)
 * Trinidad and Tobago – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, UN member State
 * Tunisia – Tunisian Republic, UN member State
 * Turkey – Republic of Turkey, UN member State
 * Tuvalu
 * Uganda – Republic of Uganda, UN member State
 * Ukraine – Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, UN member State (Republic within the Soviet Union)
 * United Arab Emirates - UN member State
 * United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, UN member State
 * United States – United States of America, UN member State
 * Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay, UN member State
 * Vanuatu – Republic of Vanuatu, UN member State
 * Vatican City – Vatican City State, Permanent observer at UN
 * Venda – Republic of Venda (nominally independent South African bantustan)
 * Venezuela – Republic of Venezuela, UN member State
 * Vietnam – Socialist Republic of Vietnam, UN member State
 * Western Samoa - Independent State of Western Samoa, UN member State
 * Yemen – Republic of Yemen (from 22 May), UN member State
 * North Yemen – Yemen Arab Republic (to 22 May), UN member State
 * South Yemen - People s Democratic Republic of Yemen (to 22 May), UN member State
 * Yugoslavia – Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, UN member State
 * Zaire - Republic of Zaire, UN member State
 * Zambia - Republic of Zambia, UN member State
 * Zimbabwe – Republic of Zimbabwe, UN member State

==Non-sovereign territories<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right:0.25em; :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:0.25em; :rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Australia :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:0.25em; :rgb(85,85,85);">] === ===Denmark :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:0.25em; :rgb(85,85,85);">]  === ===Finland :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:0.25em; :rgb(85,85,85);">] === ===France :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:0.25em; :rgb(85,85,85);">]  === ===Greece :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:0.25em; :rgb(85,85,85);">] === ===Netherlands :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:0.25em; :rgb(85,85,85);">]  === ===New Zealand :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:0.25em; :rgb(85,85,85);">] === ===Norway :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:0.25em; :rgb(85,85,85);">]  === ===Portugal :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:0.25em; :rgb(85,85,85);">] === ===United Kingdom :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:0.25em; :rgb(85,85,85);">]  === ===United States :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:0.25em; :rgb(85,85,85);">] === ==Other states<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right:0.25em; :rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left:0.25em; :rgb(85,85,85);">]  ==
 * Ashmore and Cartier Islands   - The Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands (Uninhabited external territory)
 * Australian Antarctic Territory   (Uninhabited external territory)
 * Christmas Island   - The Territory of Christmas Island (External territory)
 * Cocos (Keeling) Islands   - The Territory of the Cocos Islands (External territory)
 * Coral Sea Islands   - The Coral Sea Islands Territory (Uninhabited external territory)
 * Heard Island and McDonald Islands   – Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands (Uninhabited external territory)
 * Norfolk Island   – Territory of Norfolk Island (External territory)
 * Faroe Islands   (Constituent country)
 * Greenland   (Constituent country)
 * Åland   (Neutral and demilitarised region)
 * French Polynesia   (Overseas territory), with Clipperton Island
 * French Southern and Antarctic Lands   - The Territory of French Southern and Antarctic Lands (Overseas territory)
 * Mayotte   (Overseas territory)
 * New Caledonia   (Overseas territory)
 * Saint Pierre and Miquelon   (Overseas territory)
 * Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean   (Overseas territory), consisting of five uninhabited possessions:
 * Bassas da India   (Disputed by Madagascar)
 * Europa Island   (Disputed by Madagascar)
 * Glorioso Islands   (Disputed by Madagascar, Comoros and the Seychelles)
 * Juan de Nova Island   (Disputed by Madagascar)
 * Tromelin Island   (Disputed by Mauritius and the Seychelles)
 * Wallis and Futuna   - The Territory of the Wallis and Futuna (Overseas territory)
 * Mount Athos   (Autonomous monastic state)
 * Aruba   (Autonomous country)
 * Netherlands Antilles   (Autonomous country)
 * Ross Dependency   (Suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
 * Tokelau
 * Bouvet Island
 * Peter I Island   (Suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
 * Queen Maud Land   (Suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
 * Macau   (Chinese territory administered by Portugal)
 * Akrotiri and Dhekelia   - Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Dependent territory)
 * Anguilla   (Dependent territory)
 * Bermuda   (Dependent territory)
 * British Antarctic Territory   (Dependent territory suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
 * British Indian Ocean Territory   (Dependent territory disputed by Mauritius and the Seychelles)
 * British Virgin Islands   (Dependent territory)
 * Cayman Islands   (Dependent territory)
 * Falkland Islands   (Dependent territory disputed by Argentina)
 * Gibraltar   (Dependent territory)
 * Hong Kong   (Dependent territory)
 * Montserrat   (Dependent territory)
 * Pitcairn Islands   (Dependent territory)
 * Saint Helena   (Dependent territory), with two dependencies:
 * Ascension Island
 * Tristan da Cunha
 * South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands   (Dependent territory disputed by Argentina)
 * Turks and Caicos Islands   (Dependent territory)
 * Guernsey   - The Bailiwick of Guersney (Crown depedency), with three dependencies:
 * Alderney
 * Sark
 * Herm
 * Isle of Man   (Crown depedency)
 * Jersey   - The Bailiwick of Jersey (Crown depedency)
 * American Samoa   (Insular area including Swains Island, disputed by Tokelau)
 * Guam   (Insular area)
 * Northern Mariana Islands   - The Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands (Insular area)
 * Puerto Rico   - The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Insular area)
 * United States Virgin Islands   - Virgin Islands of the United States (Insular area)
 * Baker Island   (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
 * Howland Island   (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
 * Jarvis Island   (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
 * Johnston Atoll   (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
 * Kingman Reef   (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
 * Midway Atoll   (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
 * Navassa Island   (Uninhabited unincorporated territory claimed by Haiti)
 * Wake Island   (Uninhabited unincorporated territory claimed by the Marshall Islands)
 * Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands , consisting of one territory
 * Palau
 * Antarctica   as a whole had no government and no permanent population. Seven states claimed portions of Antarctica and five of these had reciprocally recognised one another s claims.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mutualrecog_1-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px;">[1] These claims, which were regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cia_2-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px;">[2]
 * Estonia   was administered as a part of the Soviet Union, but its annexation was not widely recognized. A government in exile claimed independence for Estonia, but aside from its embassies in the West it controlled no territory.
 * Latvia   was administered as a part of the Soviet Union, but its annexation was not widely recognized. A government in exile claimed independence for Latvia, but aside from its embassies in the West it controlled no territory.
 * Lithuania   was administered as a part of the Soviet Union until this year, but its annexation was not widely recognized. A government in exile claimed independence for Lithuania, but aside from its embassies in the West it controlled no territory.
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta] The   Sovereign Military Order of Malta    was an entity claiming sovereignty. The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but had no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px;">[3] The order s Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions." <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px;">[4] Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacked a defined territory. Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order s extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population.
 * West Berlin   was a political enclave that was closely aligned with – but not actually a part of – West Germany. It consisted of three occupied sectors administered by the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. West Berlin was incorporated into the reunified Germany on 3 October.